What is arytenoid chondritis?

Arytenoid chondritis is a progressive inflammatory condition of the arytenoid cartilages in adult horses, originating as an infectious condition. Most commonly, upper airway dysfunction is reflected in poor athletic performance and respiratory stridor. Diagnosis is based on upper airway endoscopy.

What is a arytenoid?

The arytenoid cartilages are paired pyramid-shaped structures of cartilage found in the larynx, which are essential to the production of vocal sound. They are located on the lateral part of the superior border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage and help form the cricoarytenoid joints.

What causes arytenoid inflammation?

Arytenoid swelling or edema is caused by various inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), exposure to irritants, allergies, following radiotherapy, laryngitis, and hidden malignancy.

What causes arytenoid subluxation?

Arytenoid subluxation or dislocation is a rare laryngeal injury that occurs as a result of airway instrumentation or direct trauma to the cricoarytenoid joint, leading to the partial (subluxation) or total (dislocation) displacement of the arytenoid cartilage within the cricoarytenoid joint.

What nerve Innervates the arytenoid cartilage?

Innervation: External laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal).

What happens to the Arytenoid cartilages during phonation?

The arytenoid cartilages can be made to rotate in a swivelling movement and to slide apart along the cricoid cartilage on which they are located. The movement of the arytenoid opens a three-dimensional triangular space (tetrahedron) between the inner edges of the vocal folds, i.e the glottis.

What is arytenoid dislocation?

The terms arytenoid dislocation and AS have been used interchangeably to describe disruption of the cricoarytenoid joint. Arytenoid dislocation refers to complete separation of the arytenoid cartilage from the joint space. It usually results from severe laryngeal trauma.

Is it easy to dislocate arytenoid?

Although arytenoid cartilage dislocation following uneventful intubation and anesthesia is a rare event, it is important that the anesthesiologist should suspect injury to the vocal folds or cricoarytenoid joints in case of persistent hoarseness.

What are processes of arytenoid cartilage?

The arytenoid cartilage has two processes: the vocal process where the vocal ligament is attached and the muscular process where the cricoarytenoid dorsalis muscle (the laryngeal abductor muscle) inserts (Fig. 26.35).

How many arytenoid cartilages are there?

Arytenoids. The two light arytenoid cartilages are shaped like three-sided pyramids, and they lie in the posterior aspect of the larynx.

How do you fix a dislocated hyoid bone?

Treatment. Treatment options vary from very conservative to aggressive. Conservative options include rest, observation, pain control, diet changes, use of a nasopharyngeal tube or oropharyngeal tube, and antibiotic therapy. More aggressive options include surgical repair of the hyoid bone and/or tracheotomy.

How do you know if your hyoid bone is dislocated?

The main symptoms of a hyoid bone fracture include pain when the affected person rotates their neck, trouble swallowing (dysphagia), and painful swallowing (odynophagia). Other symptoms can be crepitus or tenderness over the bone, suffocation when sticking out the tongue, dyspnea, dysphonia, and subcutaneous emphysema.

Can a person live with a broken hyoid bone?

A hyoid bone fracture caused by blunt trauma is exceedingly rare, except during strangulation and hanging [8]. Therefore, it may go undetected during a physical examination and could cause a life-threatening airway obstruction [1, 5].

Can you injure your hyoid bone?

Injuries to the hyoid bone are rare. The most commonly reported injury is fracture, yet this is often a post-mortem finding, with an incidence of between 17–76 %, in victims of strangulation and hanging. In survivors it is more often associated with a trauma other than manual strangulation.